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Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes is a disease normally resulting from destruction of the insulin producing cells of the pancreas. Secondary diabetes mellitus is due to an underlying condition (often obesity) that causes insulin resistance. Another type develops due to chronic pancreatitis and is probably more common than it is recognized. The clinical signs are increased thirst and urination, excessive appetite, and weight loss. These are brought about by persistently high blood glucose levels. Diagnosis can be confirmed by measuring urine and blood glucose levels. Diabetes can produce a condition called ketoacidosis, which also produces the clinical signs of anorexia, vomiting, dehydration, and lethargy. This situation is an emergency and needs to be treated promptly. It develops as a result of untreated or poorly controlled diabetes. Ketonuria can be caused by starvation or anorexia. Pancreatic disorders can complicate, and sometimes be the cause of diabetes mellitus. A blood test for fructosamine can be used to assess the average glucose level for the last 2 weeks. Treatment involves administering regular insulin injections and monitoring of blood and/or urine glucose levels. For animals that develop ketoacidosis intravenous fluid and electrolyte supplementation is required. High fibre diets will also help. Treating a diabetic animal requires a major commitment from the owner. The prognosis for cats with diabetic ketoacidosis is guarded until they have responded to treatment. However, once the cat is stabilized or if the cat is diagnosed as having uncomplicated diabetes, the prognosis is good. The likelihood of achieving good control varies with the commitment of the owner and several undefined variables with the cat. It is not unusual for owners to elect euthanasia when recurrent regulation problems occur. |
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