pancreas

PANCREAS

The pancreas is an organ in the abdomen, it has a main body and two (right and left) lobes. The pancreas contains a duct system which delivers enzymes to the duodenum (the initial part of the small intestine) allowing them to digest food.

The pancreas is an organ with two separate functions. The exocrine part produces digestive enzymes which breakdown food and are transported through the pancreatic ducts to the small intestine. The endocrine portion of the pancreas produces hormones (including insulin) which regulate glucose metabolism. It is abnormalities in these hormones which is one of the main causes of diabetes mellitus.

Pancreatic insufficiency: This develops due to insufficient secretion of the digestive enzymes. The food ingested is therefore not digested properly leading to weight loss and diarrhoea. It can develop as a sequel to the conditions listed below. Common in German Shepherd Dogs.
Pancreatic cancer: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the most common form. Presents with weight loss, abdominal pain, dullness and vomiting.
Acute haemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis: This is caused by the release of enzymes into the pancreatic and surrounding tissue. It results in damage to the tissues causing anorexia, vomiting and abdominal pain.
Chronic pancreatitis: Relapse or continuation of an episode of acute pancreatitis.
Diabetes mellitus: Relative or absolute insulin deficiency which can develop as a result of damage to the pancreas from the above conditions.